Table of Contents

Aircraft Callsign, Position callsign,

C Cleared to (Destination) Airport,

R via Radar Vectors (VOR/FIX), then as filed,

A Maintain (Initial Alt),

    Expect Flight Level (###) 1-0 minutes after departure,

F Departure Frequency (###.##), (Departure offline if no radar or center online)

T Squawk ####.

Wait for READBACK

(Aircraft Callsign), Readback Correct,

Advise ready to taxi golding short of (point / taxiway), with (ATIS letter)

Expect Runway (x)

Templates

Delivery - VFR

Aircraft Callsign, Position callsign,

C Cleared to (Destination) Airport,

R via the ABCDE3 Departure, ZYXWV transition, then as filed,

A Maintain (Initial Alt),

    Expect Flight Level (###) 1-0 minutes after departure,

F Departure Frequency (###.##),

T Squawk ####.

Wait for READBACK

(Aircraft Callsign), Readback Correct,

Advise ready to taxi golding short of (point / taxiway), with (ATIS letter)

Expect Runway (x)

Templates

Delivery - VFR

Maintain VFR at or below (Altitude), (025 for props 045 for jets initially)

F Departure Frequency (###.##),

T Squawk ####.

Wait for READBACK

(Aircraft Callsign), Readback Correct,

Advise ready to taxi golding short of (point / taxiway), with (ATIS letter)

Expect Runway (x)

SVFR - 1SM vis, stay out of the clouds

Cleared out of the (airport) class (class). fly (Direction) of (airport) airport at or below (alt below 10k)

Pattern work

Aircraft Callsign, Position callsign,

VFR pattern work approved

Squawk if applicable

Advise ready to taxi

Templates

Delivery - VFR

(Aircraft Callsign)

Runway (RWY) Taxi VIA (_____)

*Make use of "Hold short runway X" and "cross runway X" as nessasary*

*Remember to ask controllers above for active runway crossings*

*Remember to inform above controllers of completed runway crossings*

*Remember to tell an aircraft to contact an above controller and send the aircraft's strip*

*Remember to check if aircraft are squawking mode C and correct code*

Rnav Departure

RNAV to (Fix), Runway (Number), Cleared for Takeoff, Wind 123@12

Non-RNAV Departure

Fly Runway Heading (Or other heading), Runway (Number), Cleared for Takeoff, Wind 123@12

Aircraft Departed

(Callsign), Contact (something) Departure, (Optional Frequency)

Landing

(Callsign), Cleared to land (number in sequence), Wind 123@12

Can include Number in the approach line or aircraft departing before arrival

Circling approach

"Circle (cardinal direction) of (runway or airport) for (left / right ) (base / downwind) for (runway)"

Pattern work

"(Callsign), you are following a (aircraft type) (Part of the pattern), report in sight"

"traffic off your nose"

"traffic off your right wing"

"Maintain visual seperation from the (aircraft type), Runway # cleared to land number #, Wind 123@12"

Ask for flight following if leaving the pattern

Give a squawk when departing the pattern if they dont already have one

Helicopters

"Departure from the ramp at your own risk"

"Report landing assured"

Airtaxi direct

Hovertaxi via (Taxiway)

Go Around

"Climb and maintain 3000, fly runway heading"

"Contact departure on (Freq)"

Circling Approach

Circle to runway (Number)

Circle (Direction using cardinal directions) of the airport/runway for a left/right base/downwind to runway (number)

Takeoff

For intersection departures, include runway remaining

Overhead Break

"Report Initial" (This means on approach)

"Report break, (Right or left), (Where to break)" when they report initial

Clear for the option after reporting break

*Break points are approach end, midfield, departure end*

Unrestricted Climb

Unrestricted Climb to (Altitude) approved. Cleared for takeoff. Change to departure

Coordinate departure with departure controller

High Key Departure

High Key Departure approved. (Restrictions). Make (Left or right) Closed Traffic. Report High Key. Cleared for takeoff.

*Coordinate high key departures that exit local's area with departure*

Report (Some Point) or Remain at or (Below or above). Remain within X DME.

Carrier Break

Report initial (Runway) [[Optional:]] Expect a (Right) break *Default is left break*

Initial: Carrier Break approved *If not issued and not left: Right carrier break approved*

Check gear down, (Wind), runway (runnway) cleared to land

Landing

Check Gear down, Runway (Number) Cleared for the option / Cleared to land

More info: LINK

Terms

ANGELS - thousands of feet

BINGO - Emergency Fuel situation

BRC - Ship/runway magnetic heading (Base Recovery Course)

CATCC - Carrier Air Traffic Control Center

CLEAN UP - raise hear, flaps, hook

DIRTY UP - lower gear, flaps, hook

PIGEONS - breaing and distance to an object "PIGEONS 270 for 34" (270 degrees, 34 miles)

POPEYE - Aircraft in IMC. Ex: "OPOEYE ANGELS 18"

SWEET LOCK SWEET COMMS - locked onto nav beacon w/ radio coms with the specified facility.

GPS approach

"Cleared Direct (WPT), Cross (WPT) at (ALT), Cleared Rnav GPS X approach"

*GPS approach; cleared strait in to prevent procedure turn*

LOC Approach

"(X) Miles from (WPT), Turn (DIR) Heading (HDG), Maintain (ALT) until Established, Cleared LOC approach RWY (X)"

VOR Approach

*Vector to the VOR with the usual 30 degree or less intercept*

"Maintain (ALT) until established, Cleared VOR (x) approach"

VECTOR

"Vector to (FIX) / Intercept ___ Radial / Final Approach Course / for Spacing"

CLIMBS and DECENTS

"Climb / Decend and maintain"

"Cross (FIX) at (At or above / below)"

"Cross (Miles) Miles (Direction) of (Fix) at (ALT)"

"After Passing (Fix)"

"At (time) (time in hours, minutes, nearest quarter minute)"

"Climb / Decend to reach (ALT) at (time)" ***Issue time check***

"Maintain (ALT) until (time **TIME CHECK**, fix, waypoint ) then Climb / Decend and maintain (ALT)"

"Descend via (STAR) ______ Transition"

"Change transition to (runway number)""

"Turn Left/Right (Or a heading). Vectors to Final approach course"

SPEEDS

Maintain Present / specific speed "Maintain present speed"

Maintain Specified speed or greater/less "Maintain (Speed) knots or greater"

Maintain Highest / lowest Practical speed "Maintain Maximum forward (or Slowest Practical) speed"

Increase or reduce to a specified speed or by a specified number of knots "Increase speed to (Speed) Knots

POP-UP IFR

Treat aircraft as VFR for initial part of flight.

"Cleared to (Airport) as filed Squawk (code)"

"(Callsign), Are you able to maintain your own terrain and Obstruction clearance until reaching (MVA/MIA/MEA)?" Minimum Vectoring ALT, Minimum IFR Alt, Minimum Enroute Alt.

HOLDS

• Holding Fix
• Direction of Hold
• Radial / Course / Track / Bearing
• Leg Length in miles or minutes
• Direction of hold (Default to right turns)
• Expect Further Clearance Time

"Cleared to (Fix to hold at)"

Published - "HOLD (direction) OF (fix) AS PUBLISHED. MAINTAIN (Altitude) EXPECT FURTHER CLEARANCE (Zulu Time)"

Non Published - "(Callsign), Cleared to (fix), hold (direction) on the (XXX) radial, (XX) minute/mile legs, (OPTIONAL: Left/Right Turns), maintain (altitude), expect further clearance (time)."

"Cleared to (Airport) via last cleared routing"

"Cleared to (Airport) via cross (fix) at/below/above (ALT)"

minimum for a hold, where to hold, what altitude, expect further clearance time

APREQ

Approval Request

Ask a controller for something

Request:

• Control Action
• Higher / Lower
• Control

APPROACH CLEARANCE

PTAC - (P)osition (T)urn (A)ltitude (C)learance

"You are __ Miles from (FIX), Turn Left/Right heading (HDG), Maintain (ALT) until established, Cleared (APP) runway (RWY)"

CONTACT APPROACH

(DONT suggest this approach to pilots)

"Cleared Contact approach" (if req) "at or below (alt)"

boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/navigation/what-is-a-contact-approach-and-how-do-you-fly-it/

UNCONTROLLED FIELDS

"Cleared From (Airport), to (Airport) via (route) (or as filed), Maintain (Initial), expect (final) (heading if needed), Departure "With me", Squawk (Code), Hold for Release, Call number one for the runway"

"Advise what your departure runway and how long until you depart"

"Released for departure, Clearance Void if not off by (time (In 10 min)). Time now (Time)."

"If not off by (Void time), Advise (Freq or "This freq") Not later than (Time (in 15 min)) of intentions"

VISUAL

"Report the airport in signt"

"Cleared visual approach to (airport name), Report IFR cancelation in the air or on the ground. Change to advisory freq approved"

INSTRUMENT

"Cleared (approach) runway (RWY). Report established"

Dont specify RWY for circling approaches

COMMUNICATION RELEASE

"Report Canecllation of IFR, in the air or on the ground, on (Freq (or "This frequency") Change to Advisory frequency approved"

If canceling in the air:

"IFR cancellation receieved, Squawk VFR, Change to advisory frequency approved"

FLIGHT FOLLOWING

FF Must be requested by the pilot

Upon leaving airspace boundary, FF should be canceled if radar handoff is not accepted

"Radar service terminated. For further flight following contact (Position) on (freq)"

RELEASE COORDINATION

Primary airport has automatic releases

Class D airports call for releases

"(Callsign) Released, (Heading), (Altitude)"

Is an aircraft is coasting for more than a few radar refreshes, drop the track and inform the aircraft of "Radar Contact Lost"

SEPERATION

1000 feet vertical speration

3 Miles lateral seperation (5 if a heavy in front)

No Vertical seperation when in descent

when visual seperation is being applied:

"____ has you in sight and will maintin visual seperation"

"Traffic ____ O-clock, (miles) Miles, (Direction) bound, (type) (Altitude)"

"Say Airspeed"

"Resume normal speed"

"Comply with speed restrictions"

"Resume published speed"

"Delete speed restrictions"

"Reduce speed to (knots) then, Descend and Maintain (ALT)"

"Descend and maintain (ALT) then, reduce speed to (Knots)"

Saftey Alerts

for when an aircraft is in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or aircraft

"Traffic Alert, advise you (Some action like Alt, speed, or DIR change), IMMEDIATELY"

"Traffic Alert, (callsign), Advise you (some action), Immediately"

"LOW Altitude Alert, (Callsign), Check your altitude"

"Low ALT alert, (Callsign), MVA in your area is __________"

HANDOFF

"Handoff, (where to look), (Callsign), Other info"

POINTOUT

"Point out, (where to look), (Callsign), (Alt), Other info"

"Traffic , direction, alt, other stuff"

"Traffic observed" - Sending controller sees traffic

"Pointout approved" - I dont need to deal with them

"Radar contact" - give me control

PRIMARY RADAR CONTACT:

POSITION

"5 miles West of DHP direct DHP" - position to a VOR as well as heading

If an aircraft is missing some information, and no other target is in the area, you can Radar ID them

TURNS

"10 miles west of saw mill at 3000"

"Turn 40 degrees right for radar ID" (Turn should be 30 degrees or more. more if a heading was not given in check in)

DEPARTURE

Observing departing aircraft target within 1 mile of takeoff end of runway at towered airport

dont state position information, just say "Radar Contact"

SECONDARY RADAR CONTACT

IDENT

BEACON CODE CHANGE

CHANGE OF MODE

"Squawk Standby" (Observe target change)

"Squawk Normal" (Observe target change)

VECTORS

Tell pilots why you vector them

Let them know if you vector through a localizer, airway, or radial they expect to use

Localizer:

• 30 degrees or less if greater than 2 miles from approach gate
• Less than 20 degrees if less than 2 miles
• 45 degrees for helicopters

"Maintain Block (ALT) through (ALT)"

Minimum Enroute Altitudes (MEA) can be used as minimum altitudes if they are below MVAs as long as the aircraft will remain on its route

Dont issue speed restrictions to aircraft in a hold or aircraft inside the final approach fix

ODP = Opstacle Departure Procedure

APPROACH GATE

1 mile before the Final Approach Fix (FAF) and at least 5 miles from the landing threshold

Maximum intercept 2 miles from approach gate is 20 degrees

Max intercept outside of 2 miles of the gate is 30 degrees

Turbojet speeds:

Between FL280 and 10k: not less than 250kts

Below 10k: no less than 210. within 20 miles of destination: no less than 170 knots

Departure: not less than 230 knots

Turboprop speeds:

Below 10k: 200 knots, 150 within 20 miles

Departures: not less than 150 knots

Helicopters:

Not Less than 60 knots

Function Commands

F1 <asel> Toggle full/partial data tag

F1 <sectorID> <asel> Pointout

F1 <sectorID> <enter> Tag up all aircraft owned by controller

Shift + F1 WAYPOINT <asel> Draw a line from aircraft to point

Shift + F1 <asel> remove ancor lines

F2 then airport identifier for weather box at the top of VRC

F3 <asel> Start Track on aircraft

F4 <asel> Drop Track

F4 <sectorID> <asel> Handoff to a controller

F4 /OK <asel> Force Drop Track

F5 <asel> change cruise

F6 <asel> Load flight plan in FP window

F6 <sectorID> <asel> Send flight strip to controller

Shift + F6 <asel> Draw aircraft's route on scope

CTRL + F6 <asel>Draw aircraft's route and show waypoints

F7 <ICAO> <enter> request metar and put in weather panel

F7 <asel> Metar for destination airport

F8 <ALT> <asel> to change temp altitude

F8 <asel> remove temp alt

F9 <asel> to assign random squak

F9 <nnnn> <asel> assign specific squak

F9 v | r | t <asel> to assign voice tag (when not put in by default by a flight plan)

INSERT text <asel> set scratchpad

INSERT <asel> Clear Scratchpad

CTRL + click on an aircraft to get aircraft flight plan

CTRL + ALT + click aircraft | Draw aircraft's filed route on scope

CTRL + up or down arrow to change text log size

CTRL + S silence conflict alert sound

CTRL + ALT + Numpad 1-9 - Saves current display center and soom as bookmark

CTRL + Numpad 1-9 recalls saved bookmark

ESC (in scope) clears command line if not empty, else clears radio selected aircraft.

ESC (in chat box) clears command line if not empty

Click on aircraft, then <asel> to start a count up timer.

It helps to know who called up first for clearance. press <asel> again to clear the timer

Home <asel> send contact request

Double click flight strip | equivalent to clicking on the aircraft

Alt Click flight strip to delete flight strip or seperator

ALT Click aircraft to add strip to the bay

.wx or .metar <ICAO>

.transfer <sectorID> to handoff all targets to controller

.chat nobody - to test commands

.showstats - Use to show controlling stats from the current session. (Ctrl + up or down to resize text window)

.recv - are you able to copy voice?

.vis POINT - Set visibility center (Can also use double right click) .vis1 thru .vis4

.novis - remove visibility centers

.showvis - in the name

.wallop (msg) - tell supervisors about an unruly or NORDO pilot

.strip <asel> command instead of ALT + clicking on an aircraft

.acinfo <asel> - info about the selected aircraft

.typeinfo (aircraft type) - in the name

.cruzh <lower alt> <higher alt> - (In FL) send a msg to someone about wrong altitude for direction of flight with 2 suggestions

.cruzl <lower alt> <higher alt> - (below FL) send a msg to someone about wrong altitude for direction of flight with 2 suggestions

-- Message 1 ---

.pdcsid <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - PDC with a SID

.pdcsido - PDC with a SID to Unicom

.pdcvec <first waypoint> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - PDC, vectors to first waypoint

.pdcveco <first waypoint> - PDC, vectors to first waypoint to Unicom

-- Message 2 --

.pdc2 <runway> <Taxiway letter> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - message sent after PDC

.strip <LABEL> add strip for the specified aircraft to the bay

.sep <LABEL> create a seperator

.log <FILENAME>

*************** Clearance Delivery Alias commands ***************

.cor - Clearance on request, Standby

.cor1 <number> - Clearance on request, number $1, standby

.gatis <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)>- Be advised information $atiscode is available on $freq($1).

.cruzh <lower alt> <higher alt> - (In FL) send a msg to someone about wrong altitude for direction of flight with 2 suggestions

.cruzl <lower alt> <higher alt> - (below FL) send a msg to someone about wrong altitude for direction of flight with 2 suggestions

.rte - Cleared to $arr, via $route. Rest of clearance remains unchanged.

*************** VFR ***************

.norte <cardinal direction> - VFR to the (direction), departure freq unicom, squawk $squawk

.vfrclr <cardinal direction> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - VFR to the (direction) approved, Maintain VFR at/below $temp, frequency $freq($2) squawk $squawk

.vfrpat <runway> - remain in the pattern, expect Runway $uc($1), squawk $squawk

.rb - Readback correct.

.rbc <runway> - Readback correct, runway $uc($1), push and start pilot's discretion, advise ready to taxi, altimeter $altim($dep)

.rbca <runway> <taxiway> - Readback correct, expect runway $uc($1), push start pilot's discretion, call for taxi holding short taxiway $uc($2), altimeter $altim($dep)

.rbcatis <runway> <taxiway> - Readback correct, ATIS info $atiscode current, expect runway $uc($1), push start pilot's discretion, call for taxi holding short taxiway $uc($2).

.rbcatisdel <runway> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - Readback correct, ATIS info $atiscode current, expect runway $1, push start pilot's discretion, contact $radioname($2) on $freq($2)

.callgnd <taxiway> - Readback correct, push start pilot's discretion, call this freq short of taxiway $uc($1) when ready to taxi, altimeter $altim($dep)

.calldel <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> <taxiway> - Readback correct, push start pilot's discretion, contact $radioname($1) on $freq($1) short taxiway $uc($2) when ready taxi, altimeter $altim($dep)

.advise - Advise ready to taxi.

.push - Push start pilot's discretion

Class Bravo

.clrbravo <Direction of flight> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)>

- cleared into the bravo

.clobravo <Direction of flight>

- Radar services off-line

IFR - No Radar

.cl - IFR clearance via route

.claf - IFR clearance as filed

.clrsid <SID> <Transition> - IFR Clearance via SID

.clrd <waypoint> - Clearance direct a waypoint

IFR - With Radar

.clr <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - IFR clearance via route

.clafr <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - IFR clearance as filed

.clrsidr <SID> <Transition> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - IFR Clearance via SID

.clv <waypoint> <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - Clearance direct a waypoint

Ground Aliases

.sn - squawk normal/mode c.

.sqbad - check squawk, squawk $squawk.

.vatis - Verify you have information $atiscode.

.hp - Hold position

.hs - Hold short of $uc($1)

.hsa <runway> <air carrier or aircraft type> <Number in line> - Hold short of $uc($1) behind the $uc($2), you are number $3 for departure

.hsf <runway> - Hold short runway , Traffic on final.

.hst<taxiway> - Hold short of $uc($1), for traffic

.gw <Aircraft or carrier> <Direction> - Give way to the $uc($1) to your $uc($2).

.cross <Runway> <Crossing point> - Cleared to Cross Runway $uc($1) at $uc($2)

.cont - Continue taxi.

.gate - Taxi to the gate via taxiway $uc($1) $uc($2) $uc($3) $uc($4) $uc($5)

.ramp - Taxi to the ramp via taxiway $uc($1) $uc($2) $uc($3) $uc($4) $uc($5)

.park - Taxi to parking via taxiway $uc($1) $uc($2) $uc($3) $uc($4) $uc($5)

.parkpd - Taxi to parking pilot's discretion, this frequency

.ramppd - Taxi to the ramp pilot's discretion, this frequency

.mon <frequency using identifier (ex: 2W)> - Monitor $radioname($1) on $freq($1)

.nfatc - No further ATC services are available, frequency change to 122.80 approved. Have a good flight to $arr

Ground Helis

.htaxi <Runway> <Taxiway(s)> - Runway $uc($1), Hover taxi via $uc($2) $uc($3) $uc($4) $uc($5) and land.

.ataxi<Parking area> Air-Taxi to $uc($1) and land.

.ataxihs <Runway> Air-Taxi to $uc($1), hold short $uc(2).

Tower Aliases

.luaw runway $uc($1), line up and wait.

.ctorh Wind $wind($dep), altimeter $altim($dep), on departure fly runway heading, runway $uc($1), cleared for takeoff.

.ctornav Wind $wind($dep), RNAV to $uc($1), runway $uc($2), cleared for takeoff.

.ctl Wind $wind($arr), altimeter $altim($arr), runway $uc($1), cleared to land.

.ctlmil Wind $wind($arr), altimeter $altim($arr), check wheels down, runway $uc($1), cleared to land

.optmil Wind $wind($arr), check wheels down, runway $uc($1), cleared for the option

.cwt Caution wake turbulence $1

.ga go around.

.mapmrt Copy missed approach, maintain $temp, make right traffic runway $uc($1)

.mapmlt Copy missed approach, maintain $temp, make left traffic runway $uc($1)

.mapapp Copy missed approach, fly runway heading, maintain $temp. Contact $uc($radioname($1)) on $freq($1)

.maph copy missed approach, fly heading $1, climb and maintain $temp.

.exlg Welcome to $arr, Exit let when able, Contact $radioname($1) on $freq($1) when clear of runway

.exrg Welcome to $arr, Exit right when able, Contact $radioname($1) on $freq($1) when clear of runway

.fca Frequency Change approved

Tower VFR

.mrct make right closed traffic runway $uc($1), report midfield until advised, Wind $wind($dep), runway $uc($1), cleared for takeoff

.mlct make left closed traffic runway $uc($1), report midfield until advised, Wind $wind($dep), runway $uc($1), cleared for takeoff

.opt Wind $wind($arr), runway $uc($1), cleared for the option.

.optns Wind $wind($arr), runway $uc($1), cleared for the option except Stop and Go.

.tng Wind $wind($arr), runway $uc($1), cleared touch and go.